My question for the exploratory essay was: What are the effects of lowering the drinking age to 18 years old?
October 2
Journal Article
Source #1
Wechsler, Henry, and Toben F. Nelson. "Will Increasing Alcohol Availability By Lowering the Minimum Legal Drinking Age Decrease Drinking and Related Consequences Among Youths?." American Journal of Public Health 100.6 (2010): 986-992. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 2 Oct. 2011.
This article talks about the risks of lowering the drinking age to eighteen years old and if it will increase the amount of alcohol available to youths. They also discuss whether this will decrease the drinking related consequences among youths or will it increase the consequences.
"Since 1984 the national legal drinking age in the United States has been 21 years"
"The lower minimum legal drinking age was followed by increases in the sale and consumption of alcohol and in alcohol-involved traffic fatalities, particularly among young adults aged 18–20 years"
"Approximately three quarters of college students aged 18–20 years drank alcohol in the past year"
The article then goes on to talk about the statistics behind lowering the drinking age. There are some statistics that show that when the drinking age was lowered there were less alcohol related deaths because teens would drink responsibly. Later into the article they talk about college students and how they binge drink, which proves that teens under the age of 21 still drink heavily in the college environment. I believe that this article tries to show you the good and the bad of lowering the drinking age to 18, which is a good thing because people need to see both sides of it.
Source #2
Streeter, Ruth. "The Debate on Lowering the Drinking Age." CBS News 01.Mar.2010. n. pag. Web. 2 Oct. 2011.
News Article
"When the age was raised to 21 in the mid-1980s, the goal was to reduce highway fatalities. But everyone knows that the 21 age limit hasn't stopped minors from drinking. And now some experts believe it's actually contributing to an increase in extreme drinking."
"Asked what the advantage is to lowering the age to 18, Beckner said, "The overall advantage is we're not trying to enforce a law that's unenforceable. The abuse of alcohol and the over-consumption of alcohol and DUI driving. Those are the areas we've gotta focus our efforts. Not on chasing kids around trying to give 'em a ticket for having a cup of beer in their hand."
This article is mostly about people who are in favor of lowering the drinking age. I agree with the first quote though that teens under the age of 21 drink to an extreme because they are not allowed to drink at the bars so they will get drunk before they go out but they will do it quickly which is extreme drinking. Later into the article they discuss a boy in a fraternity who had died from alcohol poisoning because the fraternity was going through their "hazing" stage of recruitment. The parents of the boy who died said they think that if the drinking age was 18 the boys in the fraternity would have called the police instead of leaving the boy to die on the couch. This article makes very good points on what could be different if the drinking age was lowered.
Sunday, October 2, 2011
Kathryn McDermott #10
My question for my exploratory essay is : Should same-sex couples be allowed to adopt children? I will be looking at why some states are banning same-sex adoption and why some are supporting it.
ARTICLE ONE
David L. Olguin, et al. "Gay-Male Couples Who Adopt: Challenging Historical and Contemporary Social Trends Toward Becoming a Family." Perspectives in Psychiatric Care42.3 (2006): 184-195. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 2 Oct. 2011.
Starts off by explaining why it can be stressful for same-sex couples to adopt.
-good background knowledge to incorporate
The next page and a half talks about "the Healthy People 2010 paradigm for Determinants of Health, designed by scientists, clinicians, public health providers, mental health providers, substance abuse clinicians, national health, and state health organizations, seeks to achieve two overarching goals for the United States" (Lobaugh 185).
-not extremely relevant to my topic, but still has useful information
The next two and a half pages talk about historical implications of homophobia, heterosexism, and sexual prejudice. Including statistics and a chart that lists what states allow it, haven't decided, or have laws against it.
-very helpful to my paper, especially information on the states
The next section discusses contemporary issues on why people do not think gay-male couples should be allowed to adopt.
-this is when I started to look clearly at both sides of the argument
Nature versus nurture, if gays adopt children will they end up gay because of socialization effects, or will they not because of their biological genes.
-very important points, most likely will incorporate them
Quotes about suicide rates in same-sex couples versus heterosexual couples
-good statistics to include
Quote "At present, there are no valid arguments to prevent gay-male couples from adopting and raising children" (Lobaugh 191).
-still supporting my opinion
Summary: This article goes through multiple points as to why gay-male couples should or should not be able to adopt children. Overall, their points were valid and included both biological and sociological perspectives to support them. It mostly proves that adoption should be allowed with certain restrictions such as required interventions and therapy.
ARTICLE TWO
Farr, Rachel H., Stephen L. Forssell, and Charlotte J. Patterson. "Gay, Lesbian, and Heterosexual Adoptive Parents: Couple and Relationship Issues." Journal of GLBT Family Studies 6.2 (2010): 199-213. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 2 Oct. 2011.
Starts off by proving that same-sex and heterosexual relationships all have emotional and romantic relationships
-good information but not too useful for me
Continues with statistics and information about sexual relations between heterosexual couples vs. lesbian couples vs. gay couples.
-completely irrelevant to my paper
Then it explains the experiment and who was being kept track of, all adoptive parents, all different sexualities
-the experiment is exactly what I need
Explains the materials and the procedure
-not important to me
Listed the results and conclusion
-key information, probably will use
Summary: This article was of a longitudinal study of heterosexual couples, lesbian couples, and gay couples that have all adopted children. It measured their happiness together, their attachment to each other, and how well they worked as a family. The results turned out practically all identical between all three couple types. This supports that there should be nothing against same-sex couple adoption in the states.
ARTICLE ONE
David L. Olguin, et al. "Gay-Male Couples Who Adopt: Challenging Historical and Contemporary Social Trends Toward Becoming a Family." Perspectives in Psychiatric Care42.3 (2006): 184-195. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 2 Oct. 2011.
Starts off by explaining why it can be stressful for same-sex couples to adopt.
-good background knowledge to incorporate
The next page and a half talks about "the Healthy People 2010 paradigm for Determinants of Health, designed by scientists, clinicians, public health providers, mental health providers, substance abuse clinicians, national health, and state health organizations, seeks to achieve two overarching goals for the United States" (Lobaugh 185).
-not extremely relevant to my topic, but still has useful information
The next two and a half pages talk about historical implications of homophobia, heterosexism, and sexual prejudice. Including statistics and a chart that lists what states allow it, haven't decided, or have laws against it.
-very helpful to my paper, especially information on the states
The next section discusses contemporary issues on why people do not think gay-male couples should be allowed to adopt.
-this is when I started to look clearly at both sides of the argument
Nature versus nurture, if gays adopt children will they end up gay because of socialization effects, or will they not because of their biological genes.
-very important points, most likely will incorporate them
Quotes about suicide rates in same-sex couples versus heterosexual couples
-good statistics to include
Quote "At present, there are no valid arguments to prevent gay-male couples from adopting and raising children" (Lobaugh 191).
-still supporting my opinion
Summary: This article goes through multiple points as to why gay-male couples should or should not be able to adopt children. Overall, their points were valid and included both biological and sociological perspectives to support them. It mostly proves that adoption should be allowed with certain restrictions such as required interventions and therapy.
ARTICLE TWO
Farr, Rachel H., Stephen L. Forssell, and Charlotte J. Patterson. "Gay, Lesbian, and Heterosexual Adoptive Parents: Couple and Relationship Issues." Journal of GLBT Family Studies 6.2 (2010): 199-213. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 2 Oct. 2011.
Starts off by proving that same-sex and heterosexual relationships all have emotional and romantic relationships
-good information but not too useful for me
Continues with statistics and information about sexual relations between heterosexual couples vs. lesbian couples vs. gay couples.
-completely irrelevant to my paper
Then it explains the experiment and who was being kept track of, all adoptive parents, all different sexualities
-the experiment is exactly what I need
Explains the materials and the procedure
-not important to me
Listed the results and conclusion
-key information, probably will use
Summary: This article was of a longitudinal study of heterosexual couples, lesbian couples, and gay couples that have all adopted children. It measured their happiness together, their attachment to each other, and how well they worked as a family. The results turned out practically all identical between all three couple types. This supports that there should be nothing against same-sex couple adoption in the states.
Double-Entry Blog #10
Whitney's Double-Entry Research Log Entry for Marked Men, Unmarked Women
Source #1
June 20
Tannen, Deborah. Marked Women, Unmarked Men."
New York Times Magazine 20 June. 1993.
http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/tannend/nyt062093.htm
New York Times article
At the beginning they were talking about how they were in a conference and not focusing on the discussion but focusing on what each other were wearing. "One woman had dark brown hair in a classic style, a cross between Cleopatra and Plain Jane. The severity of her straight hair was softened by wavy bangs and ends that turned under. Because she was beautiful, the effect was more Cleopatra than plain" (Tannen, Deborah 1).-----Good quote, which will be used in my essay.
As she goes on she continues to talk about marked is a staple of linguistic theory. Which refers to the way a word goes and the meaning. It hooks to people because it kind of means that there are all marked women they are basically always judged no matter what. --Good fact
Goes onto ask what us women could adopt to be "unmarked" the answer was none. There is NO unmarked women. A women can't just roll out of bed and go to class they have to worry about their hair, as for men they can just go to class. But in the same since if a man wore makeup they would be called "gay" or "queer" because that is an expectation for men. They are feminine if they don't act "cool" to the other guys. --Great fact that I can use.
Summary:
This was a great article gives me a lot of argument towards why there is no unmarked women and lets me better understand this topic. I like Tannen's points about how women have expectations to please not only men but the other women judging her as well. It was amazing to see that what us women do is so normal. Just like looking at each and every girl in the conference room from their shoes to their hair. She is saying if you're a women it's pretty much impossible to be marked, which isn't really fair at all. But that is her arguments and farther in my research I will find contrast to this article as well.
Source #2
February 17
Graziana, William. "Social Influence, Sex Differences, and Judgements of Beauty"
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1993, Vol. No. 3.
http://journals.ohiolink.edu/ejc/pdf.cgi/Graziano_William_G.pdf?issn=00223514&issue=v65i0003&article=522_sisdajob
They did studies on both men and women to see which were harder on themselves and what the expectations were. Studies showed that men are more leanient on what they look like but they expect more from women. "The women is what makes us men look good" (Eagly 3). This goes to show men lean directly on the women. Which is what tannen's argument was and of what studies show she is correct. --Good fact
As studies go on it just gets worse for us women. The study showed that men look at women are just judged sternly on looks. Shows that every 45/56 guy judges a women from first look. This is why us women have to look good all the time because there is no time we are not being judged. --Great fact, I will use.
Some of the questions they bring up is do your standards go down the less "cool" you act? The answer is yes. If you are always studying getting good grades not focusing on school you are less attractive according to the studies. This shouldn't be the case but it is.
Summary:
Basically all of us women have to be looking good 95% of the time, especially when we go out. Basically the sluttier the better, from the recent studies. There are a lot of great numbers I can use to argue with there being no unmarked women. I have lots of information already adn facts I will use toward my arguments. I love when they did a survey on what guys look at on women because it is so true and shows that us women have to look good at all times if we want to impress and get the "good" word in.
Source #1
June 20
Tannen, Deborah. Marked Women, Unmarked Men."
New York Times Magazine 20 June. 1993.
http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/tannend/nyt062093.htm
New York Times article
At the beginning they were talking about how they were in a conference and not focusing on the discussion but focusing on what each other were wearing. "One woman had dark brown hair in a classic style, a cross between Cleopatra and Plain Jane. The severity of her straight hair was softened by wavy bangs and ends that turned under. Because she was beautiful, the effect was more Cleopatra than plain" (Tannen, Deborah 1).-----Good quote, which will be used in my essay.
As she goes on she continues to talk about marked is a staple of linguistic theory. Which refers to the way a word goes and the meaning. It hooks to people because it kind of means that there are all marked women they are basically always judged no matter what. --Good fact
Goes onto ask what us women could adopt to be "unmarked" the answer was none. There is NO unmarked women. A women can't just roll out of bed and go to class they have to worry about their hair, as for men they can just go to class. But in the same since if a man wore makeup they would be called "gay" or "queer" because that is an expectation for men. They are feminine if they don't act "cool" to the other guys. --Great fact that I can use.
Summary:
This was a great article gives me a lot of argument towards why there is no unmarked women and lets me better understand this topic. I like Tannen's points about how women have expectations to please not only men but the other women judging her as well. It was amazing to see that what us women do is so normal. Just like looking at each and every girl in the conference room from their shoes to their hair. She is saying if you're a women it's pretty much impossible to be marked, which isn't really fair at all. But that is her arguments and farther in my research I will find contrast to this article as well.
Source #2
February 17
Graziana, William. "Social Influence, Sex Differences, and Judgements of Beauty"
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1993, Vol. No. 3.
http://journals.ohiolink.edu/ejc/pdf.cgi/Graziano_William_G.pdf?issn=00223514&issue=v65i0003&article=522_sisdajob
They did studies on both men and women to see which were harder on themselves and what the expectations were. Studies showed that men are more leanient on what they look like but they expect more from women. "The women is what makes us men look good" (Eagly 3). This goes to show men lean directly on the women. Which is what tannen's argument was and of what studies show she is correct. --Good fact
As studies go on it just gets worse for us women. The study showed that men look at women are just judged sternly on looks. Shows that every 45/56 guy judges a women from first look. This is why us women have to look good all the time because there is no time we are not being judged. --Great fact, I will use.
Some of the questions they bring up is do your standards go down the less "cool" you act? The answer is yes. If you are always studying getting good grades not focusing on school you are less attractive according to the studies. This shouldn't be the case but it is.
Summary:
Basically all of us women have to be looking good 95% of the time, especially when we go out. Basically the sluttier the better, from the recent studies. There are a lot of great numbers I can use to argue with there being no unmarked women. I have lots of information already adn facts I will use toward my arguments. I love when they did a survey on what guys look at on women because it is so true and shows that us women have to look good at all times if we want to impress and get the "good" word in.
maura weir homework #10
Double Entry Research Log
10/3/11
The paragraph on the govenors case is a good one-i should use it.
Questions tracking on cars.
This article was not very useful. I don't think i will use it a lot during my paper.
Second Source
10/3/11
This article begins talking about how surveillance has expanded since 9/11. It says that even innocent American are labeled as terrorists. It also goes into the fourth amendment. -This page starts out against big brother watching.
“If you’re not doing anything wrong, you have nothing to worry about.”(Pg. 1 of website) -Some people ask this question.
Then the article talks about how innocent people are sometimes targets. Then this quote comes “If you’re not doing anything wrong, why is the government snooping on you?”( pg. 1 of website)- use these quotes.
After 9/11, Congress hastily passed the Patriot Act, the first of many changes to surveillance laws making it easier for the government to spy on you without having any evidence, or even suspicion you’ve done something wrong, often with no meaningful judicial oversight. - Good paragraph in the article, i should use this.
This is a very useful and informational article. I will refer to this article a lot, but not too much, when i am writing my paper.
10/3/11
"Techo Ride." PC Magazine (June-July 2007): n. pag. PDF file.
Magazine Article
This article is about navigation systems in cars, and how they track people. It talks about how a U.S. Govenor was going 91 mph before he crashed. He was in trouble because the tracking system caught him.
"New Jersey Governor Jon Corzine's SUV was doing 91 mph moments before the accident that nearly killed him. We know, because a black box told us so."(Pg. 1 on PDF)
"If you're worried about an encroaching brave new world in which our every action in a car is monitored, you're too late."(Pg. 1 on PDF) -good quote to use as in attention getter.Then the article compares the good with the bad in having car trackers. -I think having car trackers is a good idea.
The paragraph on the govenors case is a good one-i should use it.
Questions tracking on cars.
This article was not very useful. I don't think i will use it a lot during my paper.
Second Source
10/3/11
Richardson, Michelle. "Is Big Brother Watching?" Vindy. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Oct. 2011.
<http://www.vindy.com/news/2011/sep/12/is-big-brother-watching/>.An article on a website.
This article begins talking about how surveillance has expanded since 9/11. It says that even innocent American are labeled as terrorists. It also goes into the fourth amendment. -This page starts out against big brother watching.
“If you’re not doing anything wrong, you have nothing to worry about.”(Pg. 1 of website) -Some people ask this question.
Then the article talks about how innocent people are sometimes targets. Then this quote comes “If you’re not doing anything wrong, why is the government snooping on you?”( pg. 1 of website)- use these quotes.
After 9/11, Congress hastily passed the Patriot Act, the first of many changes to surveillance laws making it easier for the government to spy on you without having any evidence, or even suspicion you’ve done something wrong, often with no meaningful judicial oversight. - Good paragraph in the article, i should use this.
This is a very useful and informational article. I will refer to this article a lot, but not too much, when i am writing my paper.
Katy Hanratty Blog #10
My question for the exploratory essay is: How does marketing in the NBA affect China and younger fans of the NBA?
October 2
Journal Article
SOURCE #1:
Lombardo, John. “After Two Years, NBA China on Steady Course.” Sportsbusinessdaily.com. 24 May 2010. 30 September 2011. http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2010/05/20100524/This- Weeks-Issue/After-Two-Years-NBA-China-On-Steady-Course.aspx
News article
John Lombardo is a strong writer and includes a lot of facts and figures. He provides a lot of information about the expansion of NBA China and what it hopes to build within the next couple of years. "NBA China generates nearly half the revenue for NBA International, which generates $4.3 billion"-----good fact that I will use in my paper.
Talks about all the work the NBA has put in to build NBA China. ----I can incorporate this because the NBA is making a profit from all the work they put into NBA China.
Focuses on how the NBA has had a huge effect on the media coverage and sponsorships that goes into NBA China.------I dont think that the NBA should be solely responsible for getting all of the media coverage and sponsorships.
NBA's revenue generates to about 150-170 million dollars -----good figure that I will use in my essay of whether the NBA really cares about expanding their business or is it really just about the money.
The NBA wanted to create NBA China to market and expose their brand. Why would the NBA want to do this-is it directly for the money and the benefits. Benefits including starting their own NBA league in other countries, building NBA-like arenas in China which would lead to large revenues, ect.
Conclusion: This article had to do with the NBA and the success they have had in China since creating NBA China in 2008. It explores the revenue that China and the NBA are receiving from marketing the NBA brand overseas. The article also talks about how well the NBA is doing, prior to the lockout. The fact that the NBA is doing so well, and how amazing NBA China has taken off means the NBA wants to explore more ways to market their brand overseas.
October 2
SOURCE #2
Means, Jason. “Going Global: The NBA Sets its Sights on Africa.” International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship. October 2007. Vol. 9 Issue 1, pg 40-50. 30 September 2011. <ahref="http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=28338 849&site=ehost-live">Going global: the NBA sets its sights on Africa.</a>
“BWB is a global program that brings people together to discuss important social issues such as HIV/AIDS prevention while emphasizing the importance of education and healthy living"-------This quote suggest how important it is for the NBA to market their brand overseas especially marketing how important education is to young children.
Basketball Without Borders suggest how important education is and also how important the game of basketball is. With all of the kids involved in basketball without borders there may be a few that can actually play at the collegiate and possibly even the professional level. However, to make this happen education has to come first.
"NBA Cares has emerged, with lofty goals of creating of generating $100 million in charitable donations over the next five years. The focus will be on helping to improve the lives of individual children as well as aiding entire communities."--------This helps my point by showing that the NBA may not be making a profit for this work but they are making a difference.
"On the day the league announced that it had raised $2.5 million for Hurricane Katrina victims, a Feed the Children campaign began in South Africa. This shows how the NBA is planting its roots in South Africa and its community for the long term."---------This quote explains how dedicated the NBA is to helping communities in need. It shows how effective the NBA is to other countries. By showing how much the NBA cares about helping others, other countries want to join in and start their own charities to help raise money.
Conclusion: This article explains a lot about how effective the NBA is with their charity work. The article also suggests how important it is to balance both education and basketball because it is education that will get you places and basketball will follow. The article also explains why Basketball Without Borders is typically based in Africa. It also explains what an impact the professional basketball players have on the kids involved with BWB.
October 2
Journal Article
SOURCE #1:
Lombardo, John. “After Two Years, NBA China on Steady Course.” Sportsbusinessdaily.com. 24 May 2010. 30 September 2011. http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2010/05/20100524/This- Weeks-Issue/After-Two-Years-NBA-China-On-Steady-Course.aspx
News article
John Lombardo is a strong writer and includes a lot of facts and figures. He provides a lot of information about the expansion of NBA China and what it hopes to build within the next couple of years. "NBA China generates nearly half the revenue for NBA International, which generates $4.3 billion"-----good fact that I will use in my paper.
Talks about all the work the NBA has put in to build NBA China. ----I can incorporate this because the NBA is making a profit from all the work they put into NBA China.
Focuses on how the NBA has had a huge effect on the media coverage and sponsorships that goes into NBA China.------I dont think that the NBA should be solely responsible for getting all of the media coverage and sponsorships.
NBA's revenue generates to about 150-170 million dollars -----good figure that I will use in my essay of whether the NBA really cares about expanding their business or is it really just about the money.
The NBA wanted to create NBA China to market and expose their brand. Why would the NBA want to do this-is it directly for the money and the benefits. Benefits including starting their own NBA league in other countries, building NBA-like arenas in China which would lead to large revenues, ect.
Conclusion: This article had to do with the NBA and the success they have had in China since creating NBA China in 2008. It explores the revenue that China and the NBA are receiving from marketing the NBA brand overseas. The article also talks about how well the NBA is doing, prior to the lockout. The fact that the NBA is doing so well, and how amazing NBA China has taken off means the NBA wants to explore more ways to market their brand overseas.
October 2
SOURCE #2
Means, Jason. “Going Global: The NBA Sets its Sights on Africa.” International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship. October 2007. Vol. 9 Issue 1, pg 40-50. 30 September 2011. <ahref="http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=28338 849&site=ehost-live">Going global: the NBA sets its sights on Africa.</a>
“BWB is a global program that brings people together to discuss important social issues such as HIV/AIDS prevention while emphasizing the importance of education and healthy living"-------This quote suggest how important it is for the NBA to market their brand overseas especially marketing how important education is to young children.
Basketball Without Borders suggest how important education is and also how important the game of basketball is. With all of the kids involved in basketball without borders there may be a few that can actually play at the collegiate and possibly even the professional level. However, to make this happen education has to come first.
"NBA Cares has emerged, with lofty goals of creating of generating $100 million in charitable donations over the next five years. The focus will be on helping to improve the lives of individual children as well as aiding entire communities."--------This helps my point by showing that the NBA may not be making a profit for this work but they are making a difference.
"On the day the league announced that it had raised $2.5 million for Hurricane Katrina victims, a Feed the Children campaign began in South Africa. This shows how the NBA is planting its roots in South Africa and its community for the long term."---------This quote explains how dedicated the NBA is to helping communities in need. It shows how effective the NBA is to other countries. By showing how much the NBA cares about helping others, other countries want to join in and start their own charities to help raise money.
Conclusion: This article explains a lot about how effective the NBA is with their charity work. The article also suggests how important it is to balance both education and basketball because it is education that will get you places and basketball will follow. The article also explains why Basketball Without Borders is typically based in Africa. It also explains what an impact the professional basketball players have on the kids involved with BWB.
Blog #10 Double-Entry Matilda Jarvis
Sorry about the formatting--no symmetry here... also, I underlined most important/relevant information for which I commented on.
“The Air’s Got to be Far Cleaner Here” Journal Entry
“The Air’s Got to be Far Cleaner Here” Journal Entry
October 2, 2011
Hugh-Jones, Siobhan, and Anna Madill. "'The air's got to be far cleaner here': A discursive analysis of place-identity threat." British Journal of Social Psychology 48.4 (2009): 601-624. Sociological Collection. EBSCO. Web. 2 Oct. 2011.
Article for the British Journal of Social Psychology.
-“Identity is a complex concept encapsulating what is perceived to be unique about a person, (usually thought of as personal or self identity)…Over the last 25 years, there has been a movement away from theorizing identity purely in terms of essential characteristics of the individual and towards more contextualized understandings. In social and environmental psychology, this development has generated numerous constructs that allow exploration of the role of place in the formation and maintenance of identity, for example place-attachment…place identity…and place dependence” (Hugh-Jones and Madill 601-602).
-“[Proshansky et al.] argue that the key characteristics of self-identity will be reflected in place-identity, namely distinctiveness (from others outside that place), continuity (of place in which self is preserved as a specific type of person), self-esteem (where place permits enhancement), and self-efficacy (where the environment facilitates a chosen life-style” (Hugh-Jones and Madill 602).
-“However, more recent evidence suggest that individuals interact with their environment at a conscious level at certain times… that people actively seek out places that support or reaffirm their sense of self (Manzo, 2003). Similarly, Hormuth (1990) argues that people actively choose environments that are congruent with their self-concept, for example when relocating to mark a new phase in one's life (Twigger-Ross & Uzzell, 1996). Thus, the current perspective on place-identity is that settings permit the conscious, as well as unconscious, maintenance, development, expression, and affirming of identities (Kyle et al,, 2004; Twigger-Ross & Uzzell, 1996). Moreover, as who we are is intimately related to where we are (Barnes, 2000), and hence subject to change, place-identity is viewed increasingly as a dynamic construction (Lefebvre, 1991).” (Hugh-Jones and Madill 602-603).
Conclusion: This article has to do with how people identify themselves in regards to their environmental location, how they relate to their environment. The experiment had to do with individual's opinion of their area's environmental conditions. The experiment was conducted to show results on a broad level (such as how the people's opinion of their environment related to how they identified with the local area), but the findings can be applied to the more specific question I raised.
Diversity in the person, diversity in the group: Challenges of identity complexity for social perception and social interaction
October 2, 2011
Bodenhausen, GV. "Diversity in the person, diversity in the group: Challenges of identity complexity for social perception and social interaction." European Journal of Social Psychology 40.1 (2010): 1-16. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. EBSCO. Web. 2 Oct. 2011.
Journal article, review for European Journal of Social Psychology.
-"In the Roccas and Brewer (2002) model of social identity complexity, compartmentalization represents a more complex form of identification in which different identities come to the fore in different circumstances (see also Amiot et al., 2007). This idea clearly resonates with the main themes of self-categorization theory (Turner et al., 1987). Another research tradition that fits well with the notion of compartmentalization is work on cultural frame-switching in bicultural persons (Hong, Morris, Chiu, & Benet- Martínez, 2000). Here the idea is that bicultural individuals often possess two distinct cultural identities that take turns controlling processes of self-regulation in different contexts, depending on situational cues to the relevance of a given identity. One such cue may be language, and some research suggests that when using different languages, people appear to be expressing different personalities, presumably due to the invocation of different, culturally defined norms for behavior within each group of language users (Ramírez-Esparza, Gosling, Benet-Martínez, Potter, & Pennebaker, 2004)” (Bodenhausen 8).
“They argued that momentary social identity salience is influenced by a number of variables, including motivational states (such as a desire for distinctiveness or assimilation; see Brewer, 1991), the situational relevance (normative fit) of an identity, the visibility and contextual distinctiveness of a given identity (see Nelson & Miller, 1995), others’ reactions and expectations, etc. Once salient, these categories can then determine which goals and norms are salient as well as guide perceptions of other team members (Early & Mosakowski, 2000; Randel, 2002)” (Bodenhausen 9).
“Until identity integration occurs, the distinct identities may be perceived as oppositional, and individuals may feel that their social identities are not valued. Swann, Polzer, Seyle, and Ko (2004) argued that people in groups seek verification of both their personal and their social identities. They report evidence indicating that verification of personal self-views results in better interpersonal dynamics within a group, while verification of social self-views results in greater commitment to the group as a whole.” (Bodenhauser 11).
-->People look for verification of their identities while in a group, an identity personal and unique to themselves, and an identity that makes them a part of the group. So, does this combination of the personal and social identities cause the difference in behavior, or representation of identities, when in different locations, because of the people that define the group that act as an influence?
Conclusion: This article focused on the individual's identity within a group. It has several ideas centered around actors, "using their different self-aspects as a framework for guiding their interactions with the social world" (Bodenhauser 1).
Saturday, October 1, 2011
Guinevere's blog #10
Blog #10
Is group music for patients an established practice in today's music therapy profession?
If so, what are some of the effects on patients from group music in therapy?
Double Entry Research Log-
SOURCE 1- Oct.1
Pavlicevic, Mercedes. "Music Therapy Improvisation Groups with Adults: Towards De-Stressing in South
Africa". South African Journal of Psychology; June 1999, Vol. 29 Issue 2, p94, 6p. Web. 1 Oct.
2011.
Journal Article
-Begins with quote "Improvisation in music therapy is -possible quote to use
non-verbal communication"
-Paper is on 4 aspects of group music therapy in an
experiment to alleviate stress in South African adults.
-3 paragraphs defining music therapy and explaining -might be good way to start essay
that music effects all people.
-Explains the method of improvising on various instruments -important to talk about emotional
and tells us that creating spontaneous music addresses the aspect
emotions of the participants.
-Section on South African context, tells about common -college audience can easily identify with
violence and societal instability which makes for an extremely stress
stressful environment.
-Next section describes the activities of sessions -while this is very interesting to me, I
think too much detail on particular
activities takes away from the overall
topic of my research questions.
Need to summarize.
-There is a following discussion on group pulse- the -not sure if this is relavent
basic rhythm made by everyone together.
-Conclusion- members felt emotionally positive from this -Conclusion really affirms the positivity
music-making. It allows for expressing strong feeling of of group music therapy
the current tragedies of violence in the country, and provides
great relief of tension and anxiety during this time of South
African instability and transformation.
SUMMARY- good article to use as source. The author uses group music to affect change during a current situation, and stress is a common factor my reading audience shares, so I feel like the positive results not only answer my question, but also bring hope for others to use making music as a stress relief.
NEXT SOURCE- Oct. 1
Longhofer, Jeffrey. Floersch, Jerry. "African Drumming and Psychiatric Rehabilitation". Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal; April 1993, Vol.16 Issue 4, p3, 8p. Web. Oct.1. 2011.
-Begins with the doubtful executive director of a Kansas -good way to point out the skepticism side,
City mental health center, "African drumming at the mental maybe I could learn more about the
health center? How will that serve our clients in the possibilities of negative aspects
community support program?"
-This program attempts to turn patients in psychiatric
rehabilitation into an African polyrhythmic drum
ensemble.
-Dagbama music is the specific type of African drumming -probably not relevant to essay
used in program and the authors tell its history and meaning.
-Method is described- weekly sessions for 6 mo. and
performances at mental health centers. Program includes
drumming, dancing, and singing. The participants "become -quote illustrates success of program
hooked not only on the music but also on the group process"(p3).
-Describes patients with severe mental illness- schizophrenia,
manic depression, multiple-personality disorder
-Conclusion- program obtained a fundamental goal of the
International Association of Psychosocial Rehabilitation,
"An effective...program offers group experiences that are
designed to enhance individuals' skills and to foster a sense
of community and healthy participation in normalizing adult
activities" (p 4). The focus was on integration, skill building,
social interaction, and provided patients with a meaningful
group role, increasing their self-esteem.
SUMMARY-This article showed another example of group ensemble music being used today and having a
positive effect. It differed from the other source in that this program focused on helping non-functioning adults move toward higher functioning. The initial skepticism of the director might be an angle I should focus more on in order to provide the other side of looking at my questions. Is doubt and resistance frequently encountered for music therapists trying to break through the healthcare institutions with this group music programs? Is there cause for this doubt?
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